Aiming at the characteristics of weak signal and narrow pulse width of the single particle scattering light, a photoelectric detection circuit with low noise and wide dynamic range was designed. Firstly, the principle of single particle scattering light pulse detection was analyzed. Then the detection circuit was designed according to the characteristic of scattering light pulse signal. At last, the experimental system was set up and the performance index of the proposed detection circuit was evaluated. The experimental result showed that the bandwidth of the circuit was 1.5 kHz~1.2 MHz and the total output noise was 3.51 mV. The calculated results were basically agreed with the experimental results, and the error was 3.33%. The photoelectric detection circuit can effectively amplify the weak scattering light signal with low noise and provide stable signals for the subsequent signal processing.