In order to explore the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells for different connections under non-uniform laser irradiation, 808 nm semiconductor laser beam with adjustable output light intensity was used to irradiate two single-junction GaAs cells. The output characteristics of the cells in series and parallel combination were measured experimentally. The results show that when the laser power density on the cells is equal, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of two kinds of connection components is the same basically, it is about 46%. When the laser power density on the cells is not equal, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of series components is lower than that of the parallel. The results can be explained by the equivalent circuit theory of a photovoltaic cell. Therefore, when the laser irradiation on the cells is complex, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules depends on the connection of photovoltaic cells.