Raman spectrometer is a commonly used optical analysis means, and there are many kinds of small portable Raman spectrometer in domestic market. Although the operation is simple, the spectral resolution and detection range are limited. In this paper a microscopic Raman spectrometer was designed and built, which can detect the temperature of the sample in suit. The results show that the wavenumber can be detected in the range of -6 000~325 cm-1 and 275~6 000 cm-1, and the spectral resolution can reach 0.7 cm-1. Compared with the commercially available portable Raman fiber probe, the test results of the standard sample silicon and other samples show that the prototype has better signal to noise ratio and a higher sensitivity, the filtering of excitation light and stray light is better. The system can detect the anti-Stokes Raman signal of the sample, and it has the ability to test the surface temperature of the sample in situ.